{"id":128,"date":"2012-10-30T18:52:05","date_gmt":"2012-10-30T23:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/smallmodelrailroads.wordpress.com\/?p=128"},"modified":"2016-04-28T20:01:49","modified_gmt":"2016-04-29T00:01:49","slug":"small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/","title":{"rendered":"Small Display Layout with Variable LED Lighting"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"161\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_14-4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_143.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1059,689\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_14\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_143-1024x666.jpg\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-161\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_143-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_14\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/>While researching how to light my <a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/?p=56\" target=\"_blank\">Mound City 1862 display layout<\/a>, I received some very\u00a0innovative\u00a0lighting\u00a0recommendations\u00a0from Joseph Norris. I met Joseph through the <a href=\"http:\/\/groups.yahoo.com\/group\/small-layout-design\/\" target=\"_blank\">Yahoo Small Layout Design Group<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Joseph has been experimenting with a lighting design using bright LEDs that can easily be dimmed manually or electronically. He made his own circuit cards to control the lights, which includes programmed lighting on a number of buildings as daylight turns to night and the reverse. His small module uses this system and is lightweight, unintrusive, as bright as daylight and easily controlled.<\/p>\n<p>I found this to be exactly what I needed for my display module. With permission from Joseph, the following is a presentation he gave at an SER Division 15 meet.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Small Layout Enclosure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Construction and Electronics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">October, 2011<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Joseph Norris<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SER Division 15<\/p>\n<p>Development of these small layout enclosures was undertaken to examine the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A \u2018standard\u2019 module for a portable home layout<\/li>\n<li>A module to be used for display at train shows<\/li>\n<li>A module for purposes of experimenting with scenery designs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The controlling parameters were:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ability to fit into a fourdoor sedan for transportation<\/li>\n<li>Light weight and easily transportable<\/li>\n<li>Integral illumination<\/li>\n<li>Provision for both continuous running and operations<\/li>\n<li>Operation from the front<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The overall size of the modules is to be determined by the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Size of backdrop material, in this case matte or poster board<\/li>\n<li>Size of back seat and trunk opening in the automobile<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These criteria led to acceptance of a maximum width of 401\/2\u201d, height of 18\u201d and depth of 24.\u201d The base size of 401\/2 by 22\u201d allow for continuous running in HO narrow gauge scales and smaller.<\/p>\n<p>To meet the \u2018light weight\u2019 parameter, 1\u201d extruded insulating foam and \u00bc\u201d Sande Ply\u00ae plywood were used, providing a sturdy and reliable structure weighing about 6 pounds. The extruded foam provided the basic internal structure. It was surrounded on three sides with plywood coverings to provide reinforcement and a smooth, paintable surface for finishing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CONSTRUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These construction details apply to a module of the larger dimensions mentioned above. Foam pieces were cut first, using a carefully aligned table saw. Pieces that shared a dimension were cut with the same saw setting.<\/p>\n<p>Six pieces make up the primary construction, as shown on the next page. The more challenging pieces are the two sides, which must be cut out to permit viewing from the sides. The backdrop fits within this cutout and is arched toward the back to represent a \u2018curve\u2019 in the skyline. This curve is entirely arbitrary to suit the preference of the builder. The sides should be laid over one another and secured in alignment. The cutout is drawn on the top piece from a prepared template and cut out with a Saber saw, band saw or jigsaw, then separated again for installation.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_130\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-130\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_0.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"130\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_0\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_0.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"844,391\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_0\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;BASIC CONSTRUCTION&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_0.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-130\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_0\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_0.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"BASIC CONSTRUCTION\" width=\"300\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_0.jpg 844w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_0-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_0-624x289.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-130\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">BASIC CONSTRUCTION<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Additional bracing can be added by making more 4\u201d X 38\u201d X 1\u201d panels; perhaps one along the top of the back and another between the two sides, Front to back bracing can be added once it is determined where the base must be clear on its underside, for example \u2013 where turnout motors are to be installed. These braces will have a cutout in several places to allow electrical wires to pass through.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_131\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-131\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"131\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"863,393\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PIECES&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_1.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-131\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_1\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_1.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PIECES\" width=\"300\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_1.jpg 863w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_1-300x136.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_1-624x284.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-131\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PIECES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The foam is cemented with Liquid Nails \u201cProjects and Foamboard Adhesive.\u201d\u00ae This material is not recommended for foamboard to foamboard adhesion by the manufacturer, but seems to work well nevertheless.<\/p>\n<p>Pieces are glued and clamped and left to dry overnight (8 hours or more). Only a thin layer of adhesive is required. If the coat is too thick, it may be difficult to maintain part alignment during the first hour of setting time. If carefully fit, there should be no further operations on this basic structure<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"132\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"523,391\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_2.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-132\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_2\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_2.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_2.jpg 523w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_2-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In this photo, the sides are being glued to the back. The 4\u201d sections are not being glued at this time but are in place to help hold the sides perpendicular to the back while the glue is drying.<\/p>\n<p>Only a light clamping pressure is required. After clamping, check the clamped pieces every ten minutes during the first hour to be sure they haven\u2019t shifted.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Preparing the Backdrop<\/span><br \/>\nThe backdrop (matte board or poster board) should be fitted before continuing. Eventually it will be glued to the upper inside curve of the sides. Its width must be trimmed to exactly align with the outer edge of the sides, and its length must extend from the lower point in the curve around to the end of the top.<\/p>\n<p>Once it is fitted, the backdrop can be painted, perhaps just with blue, keeping in mind that the sky appears lighter as it is viewed closer to the horizon. Spray painting with lacquerbased paints works very well. Waterbased paints must be used with caution, although many have had good results with thinned acrylics.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Preparing the Plywood<\/span><br \/>\nPlywood pieces are cut to overlap the two sides, the proscenium and the fascia. They are made of special light weight plywood, \u00bc\u201d thick, and glued to the foam with Liquid Nails.<\/p>\n<p>The side pieces are exactly as wide as the sides but higher by about 3\/8\u201d. The cutout has the same general shape as the foam, but is a little smaller so that the plywood is proud of the foam curve to hide the joining of the backdrop to the sides.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"133\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"666,389\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_3.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-133\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_3\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_3.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_3.jpg 666w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_3-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_3-624x364.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The base rests on the top of the supports, adding 1\u201d to the height. The plywood cutout can be adjusted to cover all or just a portion of the base height. Many prefer that at least a little of the base is exposed. If so, it facilitates running track between modules, since the plywood is not interfering with the track.<\/p>\n<p>The fascia will be cut to the height as the bottom lip of the side cutout plus a little more, allowing it to cover all or part of the base. The proscenium will overlap the backdrop to hide it from full frontal view where it meets the front of the module. Note that the proscenium and fascia overlap the exposed ends of the sides.<\/p>\n<p>All plywood pieces are carefully sanded, sealed with a coat of shellac and sanded again with fine grit paper. Before gluing to the foam frame, the areas of the sides that will be visible on the inside of the module are painted in the finish color. This can be seen in the photo on the right.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"134\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_4.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"356,267\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_4.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-134\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_4\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_4.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_4.jpg 356w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_4-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The sides are glued to the foam frame first, their back edges flush with the back. After drying, the proscenium and fascia are glued to the front. Liquid Nails is used to secure the wood pieces to the foam. Clamping is recommended for a strong bond.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"135\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_5.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1196\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_5\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_5-1024x765.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-135\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_5\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_5.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_5.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_5-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_5-1024x765.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_5-624x466.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Installing the Backdrop<\/span><br \/>\nThe matte board backdrop, now painted, is 40\u201d X 32\u201d and about 1\/32\u201d thick. Therefore it is rigid enough to help stabilize the foam frame and also rigid enough to resist conforming to the curved part of the frame.<\/p>\n<p>To facilitate installation, contact cement is used, allowing a quick bond as the backdrop is bent to conform to the foam cutout. Contact cement will react chemically with the foam and seriously disfigure it, therefore all foam surfaces that will secure the backdrop must be protected. Thin poster board was used in the module, cut to size and secured with yellow woodworker\u2019s glue. The photo on the right shows the strips installed. Contact cement will be applied to the strips and the backdrop before installing it to the frame.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"136\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_6\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_6.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_6\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_6-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-136\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_6\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_6.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_6.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_6-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_6-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_6-624x468.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Backdrop installation is best done by two people, one at each side of the module. The frame is placed on its back and areas of the frame with contact cement are temporarily covered with waxed paper to prevent premature contact with the backdrop. The backdrop is first seated in the grooves cut in each side, then pressed into place around the curve, moving the waxed paper out of the way as installation progresses. The front edge of the backdrop is pressed against the underside of the front foam brace<\/p>\n<p><strong>LIGHTING<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Overhead lighting is provided by LED segment strips, 3 LEDs to a segment, each segment 2\u201d long by 5\/16\u201d wide. The segments have a selfstick and are available in continuous rolls, electrically connected, and can be cut to any length divisible by 2\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>With an interior height of 14\u201d to 18\u201d, LEDS can be placed across the \u2018ceiling\u2019 of the module in rows, each row spaced about 4\u201d apart and lying flat against the \u2018ceiling,\u2019 attached with their selfstick adhesive.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"137\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_7.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1284,192\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_7\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_7-1024x153.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-137\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_7\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_7.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"44\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_7.jpg 1284w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_7-300x44.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_7-1024x153.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_7-624x93.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>These LEDs provide a bright and even illumination of the entire base, in a hue that closely resembles daylight. They achieve full brightness at 12 volts and extinguish at about 7 volts. Each segment draws about 25mA. Differing segment lengths can be connected in parallel and fed from a common power supply.<br \/>\nHorizon lighting can be provided by a single row of segments that project upward from behind the base as shown here.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_8.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"138\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_8\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_8.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"432,254\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_8\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_8.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-138\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_8\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_8.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_8.jpg 432w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_8-300x176.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_140\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-140\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"140\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_9\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_9.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"690,512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_9\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;LEDs mounted for \u2018sky\u2019 lighting The \u2018horizon\u2019 LED strip along the back&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_9.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-140\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_9\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_9.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"LEDs mounted for \u2018sky\u2019 lighting The \u2018horizon\u2019 LED strip along the back\" width=\"300\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_9.jpg 690w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_9-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_9-624x463.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-140\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LEDs mounted for \u2018sky\u2019 lighting<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_141\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-141\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_10.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"141\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_10\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_10.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_10\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The \u2018horizon\u2019 LED strip along the back&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_10-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-141\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_10\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_10.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"The \u2018horizon\u2019 LED strip along the back\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_10.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_10-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_10-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_10-624x468.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-141\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \u2018horizon\u2019 LED strip along the back<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Overhead LED segments are wired on the top side of the backdrop and fed down below the base through small channels cut into the foam. The power supply is located inside the base area.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_142\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-142\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"142\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_11\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_11.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"416,381\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_11\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u2018Sky\u2019 LED wiring&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_11.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-142\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_11\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_11.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\u2018Sky\u2019 LED wiring\" width=\"300\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_11.jpg 416w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_11-300x274.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-142\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u2018Sky\u2019 LED wiring<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_143\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-143\" style=\"width: 233px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_12.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"143\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_12\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_12.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"867,1113\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_12\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Grooves in back for wires lead into the area under the base.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_12-797x1024.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-143\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_12\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_12.jpg?w=233\" alt=\"Grooves in back for wires lead into the area under the base.\" width=\"233\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_12.jpg 867w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_12-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_12-797x1024.jpg 797w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_12-624x801.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-143\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grooves in back for wires lead into the area under the base.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_13.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"144\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_13\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_13.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"984,945\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_13\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_13.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-144\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_13\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_13.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_13.jpg 984w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_13-300x288.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_13-624x599.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_145\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-145\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_14.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"145\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_14\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_14.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1059,689\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_14\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The completed module&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_14-1024x666.jpg\" class=\" wp-image-145 \" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_14\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_14.jpg\" alt=\"The completed module\" width=\"360\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_14.jpg 1059w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_14-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_14-1024x666.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_14-624x405.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-145\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The completed module<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>CIRCUITS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Power for the LEDs can come from a 12 volt DC power supply, particularly the kind that plug into a wall outlet. These are available from surplus houses. This simple supply can be illustrated as shown here.<a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_15.jpg\"><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Each LED segment begins to emit light at about 7 volts and achieves maximum brightness at just under 12 volts.<a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_16.jpg\"><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"148\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/c1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"733,375\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"c1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c1.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-148\" title=\"c1\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c1.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c1.jpg 733w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c1-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c1-624x319.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Manual dimming can be provided by using a LM317 voltage regulator and a potentiometer as shown on the right. The value of the resistor R is set to provide an output between 7 volts (dim voltage) and up to 12 volts DC. A typical value for R is 1200 ohms. The regulator itself has a voltage drop of about 2 volts so, for full illumination, a power supply of at least 14 volts is required. The LM317 will need a heat sink.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"149\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/c2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"733,565\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"c2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c2.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-149\" title=\"c2\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c2.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c2.jpg 733w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c2-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c2-624x480.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Automatic dimming can be achieved by linearly charging and discharging a capacitor in a simple opamp integrator. The direction of the ramp output (up and down) is controlled by a SPDT toggle switch.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"150\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/c3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"733,562\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"c3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c3.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-150\" title=\"c3\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c3.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c3.jpg 733w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c3-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c3-624x478.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Remembering that the LEDs do not light until they are excited by at least 7 volts, it is useful to add 7 volts to this ramp voltage so that its entire excursion results in a varying light output.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c41.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"152\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/c4-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c41.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"733,363\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"c4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c41.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-152\" title=\"c4\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c41.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"148\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c41.jpg 733w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c41-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/c41-624x309.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The chart above illustrates the issue. Half of the ramp voltage will be wasted unless some additional circuitry is provided.<\/p>\n<p>The solution is to \u2018add\u2019 the ramp voltage to an offset voltage. The opamp \u2018adder\u2019 shown below does just that. The 1K potentiometer is set to a voltage just below the turnon voltage of the LEDs. As the ramp voltage changes, it is added to the offset and the sum is presented at the output.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_17.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"153\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_17\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_17.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"735,437\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_17\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_17.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-153\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_17\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_17.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_17.jpg 735w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_17-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_17-624x371.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_18.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"154\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_18\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_18.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"424,287\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_18\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_18.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-154\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_18\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_18.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_18.jpg 424w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_18-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The final step is to provide current amplification adequate to power the LEDs. The TIP102 will provide more than enough power (up to 50,000 LEDs!). The output of the \u2018adder\u2019 is connected as the input to the 10K resistor.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_19.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"155\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_19\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_19.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"198,191\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_19\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_19.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-155\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_19\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_19.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"191\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Structure and Scenery Lighting<\/span><br \/>\nThe same varying voltage output that powers the overhead lighting can be used to control lighting to structure and other scenery lighting on the diorama. Suppose, for example, that street lighting appears at a specific level of overhead illumination and that various structure lights appear at other levels of illumination. This can be achieved by feeding the ramp voltage to a \u2018comparator.\u2019<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_20.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"156\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_20\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_20.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1087,618\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_20\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_20-1024x582.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-156\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_20\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_20.jpg?w=300\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_20.jpg 1087w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_20-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_20-1024x582.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_20-624x354.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A comparator is a special opamp with two inputs. One input is a reference, illustrated by the + input in the schematic on the right. The potentiometer provides a \u2018reference\u2019 voltage to the comparator. We can connect the ramp voltage to the \u2013 input of the comparator.<\/p>\n<p>As long as the reference voltage is lower than the ramp voltage, the output of the comparator is \u2018off.\u2019 When the ramp voltage exceeds the reference, the output is \u2018on\u2019 energizing the relay. The relay controls the structure lighting.<\/p>\n<p>By using a number of comparators, each powered by the same ramp voltage and each with a different reference voltage setting, structure lights can be turned on at different times as the overhead lights dim, and turned off at different points as the overhead lights become more bright \u2013 all this taking place within the time of the ramp interval.<\/p>\n<p>Since the LM339 has four comparators in a single chip, four different voltage settings are available with a single chip.<\/p>\n<p>The following is the completed circuit (click to enlarge).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_157\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-157\" style=\"width: 212px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_21.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"157\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/small-display-layout-with-variable-led-lighting\/portable-diorama-2_img_21\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_21.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"555,784\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_21\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Final Circuit&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_21.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-157\" title=\"Portable Diorama (2)_img_21\" src=\"http:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_21.jpg?w=212\" alt=\"Final Circuit\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_21.jpg 555w, https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/portable-diorama-2_img_21-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-157\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Final Circuit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>SOURCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sources for general materials used in the construction of this diorama are listed here. Prices are as of October, 2011.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Extruded Foam<\/span><br \/>\nKnown as \u2018blue board\u201d or \u201cred board\u201d, these insulating materials are available in thicknesses from \u00bc\u201d through 2\u201d. 1\u201d thickness is usually available from building supply houses and occasionally from Home Depot and Lowes. Prices vary considerably but $30\/sheet is a close estimate. A single sheet will build several large modules.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Adhesive<\/span><br \/>\nLiquid Nails (Projects &amp; Foamboard). Item # LN604. Hardware and Home stores (Lowes, Home Depot, etc.) Price: $1.74 per tube. (Only part of one tube was used in this diorama.)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">LEDs<\/span><br \/>\nAll Electronics Corporation. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.allelectronics.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">www.allelectronics.com<\/a>. 8008265432. Van Nuys, CA. White LED strips, 50mm long (2\u201d) each with 3 LEDs and current limiting resistor. Operating voltage is 12 volts DC. Strips can be ordered with any number of 2\u201d segments joined in a continuous strand with intersegment wiring in place. Individual segments can be cut away from the strand. Current requirement is 25mA per segment at full voltage.<\/p>\n<p>Three shades of light are available:<br \/>\nItem # LS12CW, Cool white (fluorescent)<br \/>\nItem # LS12NW, Neutral white (a \u2018natural\u2019 light, used in this diorama)<br \/>\nItem # LS12WW, Warm white, closer to incandescent bulbs<\/p>\n<p>Price: $2.35 per segment. 10 for $1.75\/segment. 100 for $1.55\/segment.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Plywood<\/span><br \/>\n\u00bc\u201d plywood distributed as \u2018Sande Ply\u2019, made in Ecuador by Endesa, and available from Home Depot stores. This is a light weight material, available in full 4\u2019 X 8\u2019 sheets, 4\u2019 X 4\u2019 and 4\u2019 X 2\u2019 sections. Plywood cost for this diorama was approximately $11.00 with material left over.<\/p>\n<p><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cFoam Core Layout Base\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/home.earthlink.net\/~elfrohirrim\/id20.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/home.earthlink.net\/~elfrohirrim\/id20.html<\/a><br \/>\n\u201cFoam core module\u201d Prof Klyzlr.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/carendt.us\/scrapbook\/page87\/pdf\/FoamcoreModule.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/carendt.us\/scrapbook\/page87\/pdf\/FoamcoreModule.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While researching how to light my Mound City 1862 display layout, I received some very\u00a0innovative\u00a0lighting\u00a0recommendations\u00a0from Joseph Norris. I met Joseph through the Yahoo Small Layout&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2],"tags":[41,44,43],"class_list":["post-128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles-on-small-layouts","tag-modelrailroad","tag-modelrailway","tag-smallmr","wpcat-2-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4e6yk-24","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":85,"url":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/modular-design-for-a-shelf-layout\/","url_meta":{"origin":128,"position":0},"title":"Modular Design for a Shelf Layout","author":"Marshall Stull","date":"August 24, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"While planning the Peshekee River Railroad, I had some significant challenges to overcome. My home has limited space and my railroad would have to share my workshop. I do woodworking so the dust levels are high. The layout will need a way to be protected when doing my woodworking.\u00a0The location\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Small Layout How To Articles&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Small Layout How To Articles","link":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/category\/articles-on-small-layouts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"\"U\" shaped rib frame member","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/frame_dim1.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/frame_dim1.png?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/frame_dim1.png?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":56,"url":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/mound-city-1862\/","url_meta":{"origin":128,"position":1},"title":"Mound City 1862 &#8211; Overview","author":"Marshall Stull","date":"October 6, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Mound City 1862 is a display layout I am building that is intended to travel and be shown much like is done in the UK and Europe. This will be my first true display layout. I have\u00a0exhibited\u00a0with the Free-mo organization at the National Train Show in 2012 and enjoyed it\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Prototype Railroads&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Prototype Railroads","link":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/category\/prototype-railroads\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Mound City Map","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/moundcitymap.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":500,"url":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/carlarendt\/","url_meta":{"origin":128,"position":2},"title":"I Miss Carl Arendt!","author":"Marshall Stull","date":"September 14, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"I miss\u00a0Carl Arendt! His writings on small and micro layouts at\u00a0http:\/\/www.carendt.com\/\u00a0changed my view of Model Railroading forever.\u00a0 Over several years I had attempted to build a few different layouts and all ended with a semi-constructed \"plywood central\" that did not satisfy or keep my attention. Each time I would get\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Layout Spotlight&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Layout Spotlight","link":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/category\/layout-spotlight\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"I miss Carl Arendt!","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/peek240.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1967,"url":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/free-mo-endings\/","url_meta":{"origin":128,"position":3},"title":"Free-mo Endings","author":"Marshall Stull","date":"December 25, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Before you ask, I am not giving up Free-mo! This month we are going to take a look at designs for Free-mo ends. These will be very small, short modules that will be the end of the line instead of just a drop-off where the last module ends. Lately, I\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Modular Layouts&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Modular Layouts","link":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/category\/modules\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/rr-7a.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/rr-7a.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/rr-7a.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/rr-7a.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/rr-7a.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2125,"url":"https:\/\/smallmr.com\/wordpress\/all-the-model-rail-layouts\/","url_meta":{"origin":128,"position":4},"title":"All the Model Rail Layouts","author":"Marshall Stull","date":"September 2, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"While showing layouts as part of free-mo, I am often asked about my home layout. My response is often \"which one?\" At any given time I have at least four layouts in process (six right now). 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